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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.00045-08
Copyright (c) 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Evaluation of Hydroxychavicol for its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity for its Potential Use as Oral Care Agent

Biotechnology Division, Pharmacology Division, and Natural Product Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, (CSIR) Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: iakhan{at}iiim.res.in; inshad@yahoo.com.

	Abstract

Hydroxychavicol isolated from the chloroform extraction of aqueous extract of Piper betle leaves, showed inhibitory activity against oral cavity pathogens. It exhibited inhibitory effect on the entire oral cavity pathogens tested (MICs of 62.5-500 µg/ml) with an MBC, which was two fold greater than the inhibitory concentration. Hydroxychavicol exhibited concentration dependent killing of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 up to 4 x MIC and also prevented the formation of water insoluble glucan. Interestingly hydroxychavicol exhibited an extended PAE of 6 to 7 h and prevented the emergence of mutants of S. mutans ATCC 25175 and Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 at 2X MIC concentration. Furthermore, it also inhibited the S. mutans and A. viscosus generated biofilms and reduced the preformed biofilms by these bacteria. Increased uptake of propidium iodide by hydroxychavicol treated cells of S. mutans and A. viscosus, indicated that hyrdoxychavicol probably works through the disruption of the permeability barrier of microbial membrane structures. Hydroxychavicol also exhibited potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This was evident from its concentration depended inhibition of lipid peroxidation and significant suppression of TNF- expression in human neutrophils Its efficacy against adherent cells of S. mutans in water-insoluble glucan in the presence of sucrose, suggests that the hydroxychavicol would be a useful compound for the development of antibacterial agents against oral pathogens and has great potential for use in mouthwash for preventing and treating oral infections.