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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2003, p. 2113-2117, Vol. 47, No. 7
0066-4804/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2113-2117.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Produced by a Nonobligate Bacterial Predator{dagger}

Cody C. Cain,1 Dongho Lee, Robert H. Waldo III,1 Alexis T. Henry,1 Earl J. Casida Jr.,3 Mansukh C. Wani,2 Monroe E. Wall,2 Nicholas H. Oberlies,2* and Joseph O. Falkinham III1*

Fralin Biotechnology Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0346,1 Natural Products Laboratory, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194 ,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-45003

Received 30 December 2002/ Returned for modification 11 February 2003/ Accepted 2 April 2003

A naturally occurring, gram-negative, nonobligate predator bacterial strain 679-2, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that is due, in part, to the production of three extracellular compounds. Antimicrobial-activity-directed fractionation of a culture of strain 679-2 against a panel of microorganisms has led to the isolation of three compounds: pyrrolnitrin, maculosin, and a new compound, which we have named banegasine. Although pyrrolnitrin is well known in the literature, it has not been found in cells with the herbicide maculosin. Further, this is the first report of production of maculosin by a prokaryote. Both maculosin and banegasine, which displayed no antimicrobial activities alone, were found to potentiate the antimicrobial activity of pyrrolnitrin. Based on 16S rRNA sequence, cellular fatty acid composition, and biochemical and cultural characteristics, strain 679-2 appears to represent a new genus and species of eubacteria, Aristabacter necator. The potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of predator strain 679-2 may be due to synergism between metabolites.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Joseph O. Falkinham III: Fralin Biotechnology Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0346. Phone: (540) 231-5931. Fax: (540) 231-7126. E-mail: jofiii{at}vt.edu. Mailing address for: Nicholas H. Oberlies, Natural Products Laboratory, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194. Phone: (919) 541-6958. Fax: (919) 541-6499. E-mail: oberlies{at}rti.org.

{dagger} Dedicated to the memory of Estevan B. Banegas, the founder of Dominion BioSciences, Inc.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2003, p. 2113-2117, Vol. 47, No. 7
0066-4804/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2113-2117.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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